“英格麗絲的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品學科欄目之一，專注于考研英語（二）的鉆研。欄目定期分享泰祺英語教研組老師們對詞匯記憶、復習規(guī)劃、做題方法的心得，旨在幫助同學們梳理英語學科知識、掌握解題思路，從而更好地學習、提分。歡迎您持續(xù)關注英格麗絲的微笑，這里有：有料的知識、有趣的驚喜！
在英語二的考試中，我們常說“得閱讀者得天下”。其中傳統型閱讀理解（試卷中閱讀Part A部分）分值占比40%，重要性不言而喻。
眾所周知，在傳統型閱讀六大題型之中，猜詞題的難度只處于金字塔的底端，希望同學們都能做到逢考必會。這一期英格麗絲的微笑會借助幾個猜詞題的實戰(zhàn)演練，向大家介紹該題型的基本做題步驟。
猜詞題是根據大綱第4條“根據上下文推斷重要生詞或詞組的含義”設置的一種題型，顧名思義，要求考生結合原文進行合乎邏輯的推理，得出一個正確的選項。該詞句可能是大綱詞匯，也有可能是超綱詞匯。包含了對一詞多義、熟詞辟義等現象的考察。
對于猜詞題的基本解題思路為：
1. 回原文定位，找到原句進行解讀。
2. 判斷原句與上下文（主要為鄰居句）的邏輯關系。若邏輯關系相同，則考察同義關系；若邏輯關系相反，則考察反義關系。
3. 與選項進行匹配。
接下來，我們直擊主題。
e.g.1 This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. (2010 Text2)
Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Para.2) most probably means .
[A] generating motivation
[B] exerting influence
[C] causing damage
[D] creating pressure
解析：“wreaking havoc” 處于第二段第二句話 “And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage” 中，意為“這種模式正在 婚姻”。根據上一句，“這種模式”指的是 “although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home” ，男性在公共場合說的多，而女性在家里說的多，說明了夫妻之間存在溝通問題。根據下文，sociologist Catherine在其新書Divorce talk中談到，大部分女性將離婚歸因于缺乏溝通（gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces）因此判斷邏輯關系：wreaking havoc對marriage產生的結果應該是divorce，感情色彩為負，排除A和B，而選項D“制造壓力”沒體現缺乏溝通對婚姻造成的巨大傷害，故選C。
e.g.2 About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage. （2013 Text2）
“Birds of passage” refers to those who .
[A] immigrate across the Atlantic
[B] leave their home countries for good
[C] stay in a foreign country temporarily
[D] find permanent jobs overseas
解析：“Birds of passage” 處于They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage句子中，“他們甚至有一個親切的昵稱，候鳥”。uccelli di passaggio是意大利語，birds of passage是對它的英文解釋。那么，they指代的內容即是正確答案。往前一句中去尋找they指代的內容，About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. 意為：舉例來說，約有四分之一的意大利移民最終永久地返回了意大利。由此，判斷邏輯關系，they指代的應為先移民后又回到祖國的意大利人，所以只有C選項“短暫呆在國外”符合原文。
e.g.3 At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. (2015 Text1)
The word “moola” (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means .
[A] energy
[B] skills
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
解析：“moola” 所處的原句 “Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola” 員工投入數小時體力或腦力勞動，然后賺取維持生計的 。原句的上一句working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income 判斷兩句的邏輯關系為同向，所以moola與前文的income/money應為同義詞，故選項C earnings（收入）為正確答案。
e.g.4 Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. (2017 Text3)
The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3） is closest in meaning to .
[A] adaptation
[B] application
[C] motivation
[D] competition
解析：“acclimation” 所在的原句Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders，間隔年的經歷能減輕學生在適應大學生活和進入全新環(huán)境方面受到的沖擊，使其更容易專注于學業(yè)和其他活動而不為 分心。由rather than“而不是”可看出，academics and activities與acclimation blunders是對立的關系。原句的前一句中preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most中提到為獨立、新的責任和環(huán)境變化做好準備往往是大一新生最掙扎的事情。由此判斷邏輯關系， acclimation blunders指的是“適應新環(huán)境、大學生活、新的責任等”之義，故選A。
e.g.5 Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years. (2018 Text2)
The word “plummeting”（Line 3,Para. 2）is closest in meaning to .
[A] stabilizing
[B] changing
[C] falling
[D] rising
解析：“plummeting” 所處的原句but increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar但越來越多的說法是：這源自于可再生能源價格的 ，尤其是風能和太陽能。下一句The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years 意為：在過去的八年里，太陽能電池板的成本下降了80%，而且風力發(fā)電機的成本也下降了近三分之一。由于原句與下一句中不存在轉折詞，故為同向邏輯關系，并且根據中文意思可判斷出，下一句是對原句提到的風能和太陽能情況的進一步解釋說明。因此根據邏輯關系可得出，price對應cost，plummeting對應drop，即plummeting與drop是同義詞，故選C。
