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大家都知道，考研英語(yǔ)（二）閱讀理解中，大部分文章都是議論文，而議論文主要是由觀點(diǎn)和例子構(gòu)成。因此，例證題應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。
什么是例證題？
例證題的題干大意為“例子用來(lái)證明......”即：例子+證明
例子的常見(jiàn)表達(dá)形式有：
The story/case/example/experiment/
quotation/...cite the book/sb./the example或?qū)Ｓ忻~等
那證明有哪些詞呢？
...is mentioned/cited/used/noted to show/illustrate..../...shows.../...explains...等
eg. The joke（例） in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate（證） . （2013-Text 1-21）
eg. The quotation（例）in Paragraph 4 explains（證）that .（2013-Text 1-23）
eg. The ants analogy（例）is used to illustrate（證） . (2018-Text 3-35)
解題思路
大家需要注意的是，在議論文中，例子是為了佐證觀點(diǎn)的，例子本身并不重要，所以解題的核心在于找觀點(diǎn)。
接下來(lái)，“三步走”輕松找出正確答案：
Step 1 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，定位例子在文中的位置
Step 2 找觀點(diǎn)（80%往例子前面找，20%往例子后面找）
Step 3 匹配選項(xiàng)
真題示例
接下來(lái)我們以真題為例，進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”
The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .（2013-Text 1-23）
A. gains of technology have been erased
B. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
C. factories are making much less money than before
D. new jobs and services have been offered
Step 1 通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞quotation回文定位，引言在本段的最后一句話，“正如Davidson所言......”。
Step 2 找觀點(diǎn)。由于引言是本段最后一句話，我們往前找觀點(diǎn)。“的確，新技術(shù)一直在蠶食就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，并將一直持續(xù)下去。”
Step 3 匹配選項(xiàng)。通過(guò)比對(duì)，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)B與原文觀點(diǎn)句吻合。job opportunities與jobs、disappearing與eating、at a high speed與acceleration進(jìn)行替換。所以，正確答案是B。
Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of .(2018-Text 1-21)
A. mechanical memorization
B. academic training
C. practical ability
D. pioneering spirit
The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. ① Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. ② Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.
The ants analogy is used to illustrate . （2018-Text 3-35）
A. the relationship between digital giants and their users
B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants
C. the benefits provided for digital giants customers
D. a win-win business model between digital giants
Step 1 通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞ants回文定位，在本段的中間兩句話均出現(xiàn)了ants。
Step 2 找觀點(diǎn)。在例子句①出現(xiàn)了“Just as..., so...就像......一樣，......也如此”，此處后半句，類比的是“Google”、“us”和“data”。再根據(jù)“80%往例子前面找觀點(diǎn)”的原則，我們看前一句話。這句話明確講到“we, the users”、“digital giants”和“data”。“他們銷售的產(chǎn)品是數(shù)據(jù)，而我們作為用戶，則把我們的生活轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)據(jù)，以使得數(shù)字巨頭們獲益。”其實(shí)，講的是用戶和數(shù)據(jù)巨頭之間的事情。
Step 3 匹配選項(xiàng)。通過(guò)比對(duì)，只有選項(xiàng)A講到了數(shù)字巨頭和用戶，其余選項(xiàng)只提到其中一方。所以，正確答案是A。
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .（2013-Text 1-21）
A. the impact of technological advances
B. the alleviation of job pressure
C. the shrinkage of textile mills
D. the decline of middle-class incomes
Step 1 通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞The joke在第1段定位，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段就一句話，整段都是the joke的內(nèi)容。
Step 2 找觀點(diǎn)。在這道題中，第一段都是例子，根據(jù)原則，我們往后找，也就是第2段。通過(guò)第二段point一詞，可以得知此處就是觀點(diǎn)，這里提到兩個(gè)原因，一個(gè)是the big drop in demand，另一個(gè)是the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution。并且第二個(gè)原因出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，則語(yǔ)義重心轉(zhuǎn)移，重點(diǎn)在but后，所以作者想強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因是“全球化和信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展”。
Step 3 匹配選項(xiàng)。通過(guò)比對(duì)，選項(xiàng)A匹配，“技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響”。
好啦，我們這期節(jié)目就先到這里。更多精彩內(nèi)容，我們下期見(jiàn)。有任何疑問(wèn)或想法都?xì)g迎在評(píng)論區(qū)留言哦~
