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本文作者：張茜老師
泰祺教育英語教研組老師
同學(xué)們好，最新一期的文章又與大家見面了！得閱讀者得英語，那閱讀的各個(gè)題型中，獨(dú)占鰲頭的又是誰呢？我們分門別類，占比最高的便是細(xì)節(jié)題。
什么叫做細(xì)節(jié)題？
很多同學(xué)可能首先會(huì)問What is “細(xì)節(jié)題”？我們認(rèn)為，細(xì)節(jié)題就是直白地在問你What/which/why/who/where/how的題型。
我們拿2016年的真題舉例：
【例1】
（2016,P2,26題）The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is .（問原因=Why did they decide to list the lesser prairie as threatened?）
【例2】
（2016,P2,29題）According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is .（問對(duì)象=Which is the leading role in managing the species?）
我們可以看出，細(xì)節(jié)題就是提問原因、方式、對(duì)象的題目。其中并沒有標(biāo)志性的詞匯象征著“細(xì)節(jié)”的特性，它范圍廣、形式多，但是卻最容易。
好的，那問題就是Why is “細(xì)節(jié)題”容易？答曰：“步驟少，定位易，答案明顯”。
細(xì)節(jié)題的解題步驟
那我們做細(xì)節(jié)題要遵循什么步驟呢？比如我們拿2016年這道真題為例：
（2016，P1,21題）Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to .
A. complete future job training
B. remodel the way of thinking
C. formulate logical hypothesis
D. perfect artwork production
根據(jù)題目，我們找到的定位詞有：Cortina（大寫字母，人名好定位），early exposure，computer science（主題詞），easier。有了定位詞，就可以精準(zhǔn)做題了，于是就有了第2步。
However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers-but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
我們看到，定位詞的位置如加粗文字所示，都出現(xiàn)在前三句，所以我們挨個(gè)來看。第一句話有兩個(gè)定位詞，但是我們看見并沒有提到computer science的主題詞。我們繼續(xù)往后看，第二句話主要講了computer science的功能，直至第三句有了題目中“not as hard”這個(gè)短語，是“easier”的同義替換，至此找到了精確定位。
定位句：It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. 好了，有了定位句，我們可以進(jìn)行分析了。
It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.去掉定位詞、不重要的虛詞，我們所需要的信息是:transform their thought processes.反觀選項(xiàng)，定位句中transform（改變、轉(zhuǎn)換）與選項(xiàng)B的動(dòng)詞remodel（改變、重建）構(gòu)成同義替換；process又與B選項(xiàng)way對(duì)應(yīng)；定位句與B選項(xiàng)中thinking和thought都是定語，譯為“思考的”，故得出正確答案為B。
為了保險(xiǎn)起見，同學(xué)們可以將A、C、D選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)文中并未提到，因此正確答案為B。
綜上，我們可以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化一下做題過程：
一劃（定位詞）
二定（找到定位句）
三對(duì)應(yīng)（定位信息與選項(xiàng)）
四檢查（同義替換、剩余選項(xiàng)）
細(xì)節(jié)題真題演練
接下來我們用上面的解題步驟來小試牛刀一下。
The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their .
A. experience
B. academic backgrounds
C. career prospects
D. interest
根據(jù)題目：In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their .
我們選擇的定位詞有：delivering lessons, high schoolers, Flatiron。
回文定位：The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二句開始出現(xiàn)題目中的對(duì)象：high-schoolers, 因此定位句為but之后：we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in.
這句話中，去掉虛詞以及定位詞，我們留下的關(guān)鍵做題信息就是：things they’re interested in.“他們感興趣的東西”，對(duì)應(yīng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：experience; academic backgrounds; career prospects; interest，毫無疑問選擇第四個(gè)interest，本題考查同義詞替換中，詞性之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，正確答案為D.
首先，我們進(jìn)行定位詞選擇的時(shí)候，要避免選擇“主題詞”以及“虛詞”。主題詞在文章中會(huì)多次出現(xiàn)，因此作為定位詞的意義并不大；虛詞通常無含義，因此也不必選為定位詞。
通過對(duì)本題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)正文中和選項(xiàng)中，對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單的常見實(shí)詞是不會(huì)出現(xiàn)原文重現(xiàn)的情況的。因此，同學(xué)們要想做對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題，一定還是要依靠扎實(shí)的單詞基礎(chǔ)，才能找到正確的同義替換詞。掌握適量詞匯，才能坐穩(wěn)閱讀的半壁江山。
