Harlan Coben believes that if you are a writer, you will find the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you are not a writer. For him, writing is a  1  job-- a job like any other. He has  2  it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.

 3 , like most writers these days, you’re holding down a job to pay the bills, it’s not  4  to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness.   5  that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly  6  often have to do other work to  7  their writing income.

As Harlan Coben has suggested it’s a  8  of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to  9  some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your  10  and your lifestyle that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write  11  they listen to music. You might have to  12  the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an  13  activity rather than a daily, time-consuming  14  . There ‘ll probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family. It’s a  15  learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.

There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for,  16  your writing and that’s reading. Any write needs to read as much and as wildly as they can. It’s the one  17 supporter --something you can’t do without.

Time is finite. The older you get, the  18  it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as  19  as we can, that means prioritizing out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you are a writer, that means  20  writing.

Part A

TEXT 1

On a recent sunny day 13.000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40 windswept acres in Shiner,Texas.Some rest in the shade of a parked car, others drink water with the cows.This all seems random,but it's by design,part of what the $6.1 billion US.egg industry bets will be its next big thing:climate-friendly eggs.

These eggs,which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen,are still labeled organic and animal-friendly but they're also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse gases.Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.

“I'm excited about our progresses,”says Brown,who harvests eggs for Denver-based Nest Fresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds’ waste then fertilizes fields.Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land,the hens,and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”

The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade,organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart.More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats,but both have exploded into major supermarket categories.If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful,it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef broccoli and beyond.

Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly,says Julie Stanton,associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine.Such farming also brings minimal,if any, improvement to the food products(though some producers say their eggs have more protein).

The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range,non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability.Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change,and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment.Young adults“really care about the planet,”says John Brunnquell altering the food chain beyond what i think even they understand what they’re doing."

Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior,evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation. a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class sessions’ impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside:  students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable,  and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion.  The other half focused on charitable giving instead.

Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester- nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.

 That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real she notes.it might be reversible by another nudge:" Easy come, easy go.

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role .Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistant’s eating habits and students’ video exposure Meanwhile Schwitzgebel-who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.

TEXT2

More Americans are opting to work well into retirement,a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.

One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”- those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring -said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down,the survey showed.

Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the unretirement" trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression.

About 72%of “unretiree” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet.

The concept of retirement is evolving,"said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade."It's not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.”

One reason for the change in retirement patterns:Americans are living longer.The share of the population 65 and older was 16%in 2018, up 3.2% from the prior year, according to the U.S Census Bureau. That’s also up 30.2% since 2010.

Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs,the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees" are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said,is by reducing their overall expenses,securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.

Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.

"The most challenging moments in life are getting married,starting a family and ultimately retiring,"Facet Wealth cofounder Brent Weiss told USA Today."It's not just a financial decision,but an emotional one.Many people believe they can't retire."

TEXT3

We have all encountered them,in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated,  intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.

First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, “dark patterns” is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.

In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.

Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with II, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company’s user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups checkout baskets, pricing,and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception".

Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced  the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensures that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. The regulations aim to ban dark pattern——this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn’t opt out.

As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standard.

TEXT 4

Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior, evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation. a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.

The researchers investigated one class sessions’ impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside:  students’ attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable,  and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion.  The other half focused on charitable giving instead.

Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester- nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study’s duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.

 That’s actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention, Schwitzgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real she notes.it might be reversible by another nudge:" Easy come, easy go.

Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence - classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role .Now there searchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistant’s eating habits and students’ video exposure Meanwhile Schwitzgebel-who had predicted no effect-will be eating his words.

Part B

A.Make it a habit

B.Don’t go it alone

C.Start low, go slow

D.Talk with your doctor

E.Listen to your body

F.Go through the motions

G.Round out your routine

How to Get Active Again

Getting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it is important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout," says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington. The following simple strategies will help you return to exercise safely after a break.